Namuhla, sekuyinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba intsha ezama ukunqoba igunya labazali bayo, ikhulume ngamalungelo ayo njengezingane, kodwa ikhohlwe ngesinye isici esibaluleke kakhulu: imisebenzi yayo kubazali bayo. Abazali banezibopho kubantwana babo okufanele bazifeze, kodwa izingane nazo zinemisebenzi nezibopho okufanele zizifeze kubazali bazo.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi abazali nezingane bakuqaphele lokhu ngoba kuyindlela yabo bobabili ukuthi bazi ukuthi benzeni nokuthi yini okufanele bayilindele mayelana nobudlelwano babo phakathi kwabantu kanye nomndeni.
Ngenxa yomphakathi othanda izinto ezibonakalayo noyekelelayo esizithola sikuwo namuhla kubonakala sengathi izibopho zezingane ngaphakathi komndeni kanye kubazali kuyabonakala ngokungabibikho kwabo. Kuyadingeka ukuthi sibuyele kulezi zihloko ukuze sizinike ukubaluleka ezinakho nokuthi abazali bazi ukuthi yiziphi izibopho izingane zabo ezinazo ngokwazo. Sekuyisikhathi sokubeka eceleni umbono wokuthi abantu abasha banamalungelo kuphela, ngoba nabo banezibopho.
I-Civil Code isho njalo
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimiso zokuziphatha nokuziphatha kufanele kube okungaphezu kokwanele ukwazi ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuba kubhalwe noma kuphi ukuthi izingane zinezibopho ezinjani kubazali bazo. Emphakathini wethu zibonakala ku-Civil Code ukuze abazali bakwazi ukusebenzisa lolu lwazi noma nini lapho kudingekile, ikakhulukazi lapho izingane zabo ziqala ukuziphatha ngokuzikhukhumeza. Zinemininingwane ku-athikili 155 ye-Civil Code:
- Lalela abazali bakho ngenkathi behlala ngaphansi kwamandla akho, futhi uhlale ubahlonipha.
- Banikele ngokulinganayo, ngokwamathuba abo, ekuthwaleni imithwalo yomndeni ngesikhathi besahlala nawo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane nazo zinesibopho sokondla abazali bazo uma kudingekile. Kubalulekile ukuthi intsha isebenze ezimisweni zokuziphatha nezokuziphatha kusukela isencane ukuze iqonde ukuthi abazali bayo babeyinakekela isencane nokuthi ngenxa yayo iyilokhu abayiyikho namuhla. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, nabo banesibopho sokubanakekela nokubanakekela, ngoba bawumndeni oseduze.
Ukuba ubaba akulula
Kulo mphakathi uma ungenalo usizo lomndeni noma imali yokuqasha abazanyana, kuba nzima kakhulu ukuba ubaba noma umama. Kuyacindezela hhayi kuphela ngenxa yezibopho okufanele zigcwaliseke kubantwana nsuku zonke, kodwa kunalokho, ngoba umphakathi awukwenzi kube lula nhlobo. Akwenzi kube lula nhlobo, isibonelo, ukuvumelanisa impilo yomsebenzi nempilo yomndeni. Kudingeka umsebenzi omningi ezinkampanini ukuze zithole imali futhi zikwazi ukukhokha izikweletu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kufunwa imindeni kube sengathi ayinawo umsebenzi.
Lokhu kudala ukungezwani kwangaphakathi okwenza abazali bacindezeleke kakhulu futhi kaningi, into engalimaza umzali ngokuhlanganyela. Abazali kufanele futhi basebenze kule mizwelo abazizwa ngenxa yokucindezeleka futhi bathole isikhathi sabo sokuzama ukulinganisa ukulingana kwezidingo zomphakathi. Kodwa akulula. Umthetho uthi abazali banesibopho sokunakekela izingane zabo, bazigcine bekanye nazo, bazondle, bazifundise futhi bazinikeze ukuqeqeshwa okuphelele.
Kodwa naphezu kobunzima, abazali bazifeza zonke izibopho zabo ngoba yilokho okufanele bakwenze. Bafeza futhi baqinisekise yonke imisebenzi yabo ukuze izingane zabo zikhule njengabantu abaphelele nabaphumelelayo, ukuze zifeze izifiso zazo futhi ziphile emhlabeni ongcono…. Noma okungenani, lowo mbono.
Kubalulekile ukuba abazali baqaphele ukuthi yebo, banezibopho eziningi kodwa futhi banamalungelo okumelwe ahlonishwe izingane zabo. Ukwazi imisebenzi namalungelo omuntu ngamunye kungasindisa ukushushiswa kobugebengu okungaphezu kokukodwa ngenxa yokungaqondi kahle phakathi kwabazali nezingane. Kuyadingeka ukubuyisela inani lesibopho sezingane njengento enhle. Ukulalela kwezingane ngokungaboni kubazali akudingekile, okudingekayo inhlonipho kubazali okufanele igxiliswe kusukela ebuntwaneni. Hlonipha ngozwelo, inhlonipho ngothando olungenambandela.
Sonke siphakamisa izandla lapho ubaba edebeselela izibopho okufanele azifeze nezingane zakhe, kodwa-ke, kungani singethuki uma kuyingane ebalekela imithwalo yayo? I-alamu kufanele ilingane noma iphakame emiqondweni yethu, ngoba leyo ngane kufanele ifundiswe ukuze ibe umuntu omuhle nesakhamuzi esihle. Umuntu osemusha ongafuni ukunakekela abazali bakhe noma ukufeza izibopho zakhe, angaba yisakhamuzi esinjani esikhathini esizayo emphakathini wethu?
Ngifuna ukucaphuna amazwi eJaji Lezingane laseGranada, u-Emilio Calatayud lapho ethi:
“Qala kusukela ebuntwaneni ngokunika ingane yakho konke ekucelayo. Ngale ndlela uzokhula eqiniseka ukuthi umhlaba wonke ungowakhe.
Iyini imisebenzi nezibopho zabazali ngokusho kwe-Civil Code
Njengoba sesishilo ukuthi iyini imisebenzi yezingane, sizophinde sisho ukuthi iyini imisebenzi yabazali maqondana nezingane zabo, okungukuthi, ubudlelwano bomzali nengane obalulwe ku-Civil Code:
Isigaba 154
- Izingane ezingakhululekile zingaphansi kwamandla abazali.
- Igunya labazali liyohlale lisetshenziswa ukuze kuzuze izingane, ngokuvumelana nobuntu bazo, kanye nenhlonipho ngobuqotho bazo ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.
- La mandla ahlanganisa imisebenzi namandla alandelayo:
1. Babheke, bagcine endaweni yakho, bondle, bafundise futhi ubanikeze ukuqeqeshwa okuphelele.
2. Bamele futhi uphathe izimpahla zabo.
Uma izingane zinokwahlulela okwanele, kufanele zilalelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ngaphambi kokwenza izinqumo ezizithintayo.
Abazali bangase, ekusebenziseni igunya labo, bafune usizo lwegunya.
Isigaba 156
- Igunya lomzali lizosetshenziswa ngokuhlanganyela yibo bobabili abazali noma ngomunye ngemvume eshiwo noma ethule yomunye. Izenzo ezenziwa ngomunye wabo ngokuhambisana nokusetshenziswa komphakathi kanye nezimo noma ezimeni zesidingo esiphuthumayo zizosebenza.
- Uma kunokungaboni ngaso linye, noma yiliphi kulaba ababili lingaya kuMahluleli, okuyothi ngemva kokulalela bobabili kanye nomntwana uma enesahlulelo esanele futhi, kunoma yikuphi, uma esengaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi nambili ubudala, aveze, ngaphandle kokuqhubeka. usizo, amandla okunquma kubaba noma kumama. Uma ukungaboni ngaso linye kuphindwa noma kwenzeka noma iyiphi enye imbangela evimbela ukusetshenziswa kwegunya labazali ngokuphelele noma ingxenye yalo noma kwabiwe imisebenzi yabo phakathi kwabo. Lesi silinganiso sizosebenza isikhathi esimisiwe, esingeke sidlule iminyaka emibili.
- Ezimweni zezigaba ezedlule, ngokuphathelene nabantu besithathu ngobuqotho, kuzothathwa ngokuthi umzali ngamunye wenza ngendlela evamile yokusebenzisa igunya lomzali ngemvume yomunye.
- Uma engekho noma engekho, ukungakwazi ukusebenza noma ukungenzeki komunye wabazali, igunya lomzali lizosetshenziswa ngomunye kuphela.
- Uma abazali behlala ngokwehlukana, igunya labazali liyosetshenziswa ngumuntu ohlala naye umntwana. Kodwa-ke, iJaji, ngesicelo esinesisekelo esihle somunye umzali, ngokwentshisekelo yengane, lingase linikeze umfakisicelo igunya lomzali ukuba alisebenzise ngokuhlanganyela nomunye umzali noma labele phakathi kukayise nomama imisebenzi ehambisana nomthetho. umsebenzi wayo.
Isigaba 157
- Umncane ongakhululiwe uzosebenzisa igunya lobuzali phezu kwezingane zakhe ngosizo lwabazali bakhe futhi, uma bengekho bobabili, umnakekeli wakhe; emacaleni okungavumelani noma okungenzeki, nalawo eJaji.
Isigaba 158
- IJaji, ngenxa yesikhundla noma ngokwesicelo somntwana uqobo, noma yisiphi isihlobo noma iHhovisi Lomshushisi Womphakathi, lizosho ukuthi:
1. Izinyathelo ezifanele zokuqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa kokudla kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezidingo zesikhathi esizayo zengane, uma yehluleka ukuthobela lo msebenzi, ngabazali bayo.
2. Izinhlinzeko ezifanele zokugwema iziphazamiso eziyingozi ezinganeni uma kushintshwa umnikazi wesitokisi.
3. Izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuvimbela ukuthunjwa kwezingane ezincane ngomunye wabazali noma abantu besithathu futhi, ikakhulukazi, okulandelayo:
a) Ukwenqatshelwa kokushiya indawo kazwelonke, ngaphandle uma kugunyazwe ngaphambili.
b) Ukwenqatshelwa kokunikeza ingane ipasipoti noma ukuyihoxisa uma isikhishiwe.
c) Ukulethwa ngaphambi kokugunyazwa ngokomthetho kwanoma yikuphi ukuguqulwa kwekheli lomntwana.
4. Ngokuvamile, noma yiziphi ezinye izinhlinzeko ezibhekwa njengezifanelekile, ukuze kususwe umntwana engozini noma ukugwema ukulimala.
Zonke lezi zinyathelo zingathathwa ngaphakathi kwanoma iyiphi inqubo yomphakathi noma yobugebengu noma ngenqubo yokuzikhethela.
Isigaba 159
- Uma abazali behlala ngokwehlukana futhi benganqumi ngesivumelwano esifanayo, ijaji liyonquma, njalo ukuze kuzuze izingane, eziyohlala ekunakekelweni kwazo izingane ezincane. Ijaji lizolalela, ngaphambi kokuba lithathe lesi sinyathelo, izingane ezinesahlulelo esanele futhi, kunoma yikuphi, labo abaneminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi nambili ubudala.
Isigaba 160
- Abazali, ngisho noma bengalisebenzisi igunya lobuzali, banelungelo lokuxhumana nezingane zabo ezincane, ngaphandle kwalezo ezithathwe omunye noma ngokuvumelana nezinhlinzeko zesinqumo sokwahlulela.
- Ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu bengane nogogo nomkhulu nezinye izihlobo nabangane abukwazi ukuvinjelwa ngaphandle kwesizathu esifanele.
- Uma kwenzeka ukuphikiswa, ijaji, ngesicelo somntwana, ugogo nomkhulu, izihlobo noma abangane abaseduze, liyonquma ngokusekelwe ezimweni. Ikakhulukazi, kufanele iqinisekise ukuthi izinyathelo ezingase zisungulwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubudlelwano phakathi kogogo nomkhulu nabazukulu azikugunyazi ukuphulwa kwezinqumo zezomthetho ezikhawulela noma ezimisa ubudlelwano bezingane nomunye wabazali bazo.
Isigaba 161
- Endabeni yengane yokutholwa, ilungelo labazali bayo, ugogo nomkhulu nezinye izihlobo lokumvakashela futhi baxoxe naye lingase lilawulwe noma limiswe yijaji, kucatshangelwa izimo nesithakazelo somntwana.
Isigaba 162
- Abazali abanegunya lomzali banokumelela okusemthethweni kwezingane zabo ezincane ezingakhululekile.
Okuhlukile kukhona:
1. Izenzo ezihlobene namalungelo obuntu noma ezinye ingane, ngokuvumelana neMithetho kanye nezimo zayo zokuvuthwa, ezingazenza ngokwayo.
2. Lezo lapho kunokungqubuzana kwezithakazelo phakathi kwabazali nengane.
3. Lezo eziphathelene nezimpahla ezingafakwanga ekuphathweni kwabazali.
Ukuze ungene ezinkontilekeni ezibophezela ingane ukuthi inikeze izinzuzo zomuntu siqu, imvume yangaphambili yengane iyadingeka uma inesinqumo esanele, ngaphandle kokubandlulula izinhlinzeko ze-athikili 158.
Isigaba 163
- Noma kunini kunoma yiluphi udaba ubaba noma umama enentshisekelo ephambene neyezingane zabo ezingakhululiwe, umvikeli uzoqokwa ukuba abamele enkantolo nangaphandle kwayo. Lokhu kuqokwa kuzokwenziwa futhi lapho abazali benentshisekelo ephambene neyomntwana osemncane okhululiwe okufanele bawafeze.
- Uma ukungqubuzana kwezintshisekelo kukhona kuphela komunye wabazali, kungomunye woMthetho futhi ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuqokwa okukhethekile ukumela ingane noma ukuqedela amandla akhe.