Ubunzima bokuhamba, ukungaboni kahle, ubunzima bokukhuluma, ukukhubazeka kwenkumbulo: Kusobala ukuthi utshwala buthinta ubuchopho. Ukunquma ukuthi utshwala buthinta kanjani ubuchopho kusalokhu kuyisihloko esishisayo ocwaningweni lotshwala.
1) Utshwala buyi-vasodilator, ibangela ukuba imithambo yegazi ikhululeke futhi ibe banzi, kodwa uma imunca ngokweqile, iba i-vasoconstrictor, imithambo yegazi ibe mincane futhi umfutho wegazi uyanda, okwandisa ubuhlungu bekhanda.
2) Abacwaningi nabo babhale kabanzi imiphumela yotshwala ku-fetus.
Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yezingane zomama abawumlutha wotshwala yethula ukungasebenzi kahle okufana nalokhu ukuphazamiseka kokunaka kanye nokuncipha kwe-IQ. Kukhona nokungajwayelekile kokukhula.
3) Ubuchopho bentsha busengozini kakhulu emiphumeleni ye-neurotoxic yotshwala kunobuchopho obudala. Utshwala bubeka engcupheni umsebenzi wezindawo zobuchopho ezibhekele inkumbulo nokufunda.
Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile akuwabulali amangqamuzana obuchopho kodwa kuphazamisa ikhono lobuchopho lokufunda nokwenza izinkumbulo ezintsha.
4) Ukwehla okuqhubekayo kosayizi wobuchopho ngenxa yokufinyela kwe-cortex yangaphambili. Lokhu kuncipha kuhlobene nenani lotshwala obuphuzwayo.
Ukufinyela kwenzeka futhi i-cerebellum, esiza ukulawula ukusebenzisana nokulinganisela. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abesifazane bangase babe sengozini yokufinyela okunjalo kunabesilisa.
Lokhu okutholakele kuqinisekisiwe ngenxa yamasu afana ne-computed tomography kanye ne-magnetic resonance imaging.
5) Ukuncipha kokugeleza kwegazi ezindaweni ezithile zobuchopho.